Written by Alfonsus Maria de' Liguori, this Christmas hymn alludes to the ancient prophecies of the Old Testament and the Gospel narratives, presenting a mystical contemplation of the birth of the messiah in musical and poetic language. This song is a contemplative song of faith.
Where Italy’s most famous Christmas song was composed has been disputed. Some insist, for the purpose of highlighting the saint’s reputed clairvoyant abilities, that it was written down in the home of a parish priest in Nola. Others say, perhaps more convincingly, that the saint penned the words in the cave of the Blessed Felice da Corsano, which was dug out under the ancient Augustinian convent of Deliceto. According to advocates of this version of the origins of “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle” (“From Starry Skies Descending”), the cave was reminiscent of the stable in Bethlehem in the mind of the saint, the evidence being found in the sentiments of lyrics―cold, poverty, and abandonment as seen through the eyes of a mystic.
The cave was on a route used over centuries by Abruzzo shepherds to move sheep from one place to another for fresh pasture. One can imagine that the saint, having seen tens of thousands of sheep escorted from one verdant field to another, compared their care to the plight of humanity that is not tended so generously. So, it is not at all surprising that Saint de Liguori became zealous for the poor and the social outcasts of his time. He established a Redemptorist community at Deliceto to minister to the shepherds and farmers.
Saint de Liguori lived in the region for about three years, and he celebrated at least two Christmas Solemnities in the old, rundown convent and in the cave. A life of poverty and being subjected to the cold and frost of the Dauno Apennines gave the saint more than a taste of the suffering of the Son of God. He contemplated it and drew inspiration from it to give those same shepherds and the destitute population a song capable of speaking to their hearts.
From starry skies descending
Thou comest, the glorious King
A manger low Thy bed
In winter’s icy sting
A manger low Thy bed
In winter’s icy sting
O my dearest Child most holy
Shudd’ring, trembling in the cold!
Great God, Thou lovest me!
What suff’ring Thou didst bear
That I near Thee might be!
What suff’ring Thou didst bear
That I near Thee might be!
Thou art the world’s Creator
God’s own and true Word
Yet here no robe, no fire
For Thee, Divine Lord
Yet here no robe, no fire
For Thee, Divine Lord
Dearest, fairest, sweetest Infant
Dire this state of poverty
The more I care for Thee
Since Thou, O Love Divine
Will’st now so poor to be
Since Thou, O Love Divine
Will’st now so poor to be
The Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Consolazione is located five kilometers from Deliceto on a rocky spur overlooking the Alvano valley, among the hills of the southern Dauno Apennines. The grandeur of the building is the result of enlargements carried out over the course of its more than 500-year existence by various inhabitants who adapted its size to their own needs without, however, compromising the harmony of its architecture.
La Consolazione was founded in 1470 by a group of hermit friars of the Order of St. Augustine led by Blessed Felice da Corsano. Father Felice, a theologian and scholar, gave birth to a reform of the Augustinian rule at the Consolazione, named “Delicetana” after the place where it originated. After his death in 1529, his body was venerated until a couple of centuries ago. Beneath the Convent of the Consolation is a cave named after Blessed Felice, who used to retreat there for prayer and meditation. In 1652, the Augustinians left the Convent of Consolation, which, after being entrusted by the local bishops for almost a century to the care of a few “hermits,” was entrusted in 1744 to the nascent Congregation of the Redeemer (Redemptorists), who remained there until 1866.
At Consolazione, Saint Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, founder of the Redemptorists, established the third house of the Order, with the intention of carrying out his missionary work in favor of the poor and in particular of the Abruzzese shepherds who gathered in the area.
St. Alphonsus remained in Deliceto for just over two years where, in addition to organizing the new house with the various modifications he designed and teaching the novices residing at the Consolazione, he devoted himself to painting (he painted a nativity scene in the church and restored the painting of Our Lady of Consolation left by the Augustinians) and to the development of works of theology and worship, including the monumental Moral Theology. Here he also wrote poems and “little songs” to be used in the missions, which soon became popular. Among them was “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle.”
Of all the Redemptorists who lived at Consolazione, probably the best known and most venerated is St. Gerard Majella. This brother of great humility and penance, known for his exemplary obedience, extraordinary mystical gifts of knowledge of hearts, and missionary zeal, spent five years in Deliceto, beginning in 1749, almost his entire religious life, which ended in Caposele, in the Convent of Materdomini, where he died in 1755. He left a precious memento at the Convent of Consolation, which saw him born and grow into religious life: a papier-mâché bust of Ecce Homo made by himself and now kept in the chapel dedicated to him. Since 1993, the Archbishop of Foggia-Bovino entrusted the Sanctuary-Convent of Consolation to the Marian Community Oasis of Peace, which, in addition to carrying on the spiritual traditions linked to Consolation, is committed to promoting devotion to Mary and the Eucharist. Some important anniversaries of the Shrine are the ancient Marian devotional pilgrimage on May 7 and the solemnity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Consolation on June 20.
Beneath the ancient Augustinian convent of Deliceto lies a cave named after the Blessed Felice da Corsano. The Blessed used to retreat to this cave for long periods of prayer and meditation. The cave, probably of natural origin and later enlarged, consists of three rooms, with a small hole opening to the outside like a small window through which, according to legend, a raven brought bread to the Blessed and an angel came to visit him. Blessed Felice was buried at the Consolazione after his death in 1529. His relics are now kept in the Church of the Consolazione near the high altar.
Father Antonio Maria Tannoia (1727-1808) wrote about Blessed Felice, particularly about the cave: “The trust placed in his intercession meant that people came from all over to venerate him. However, the object of their piety and devotion was the Grotto, where he had served God and the Blessed Virgin Mary for thirty years, far from the world.” All the clues gathered from careful research, among which that of Prof. Gianbosco Cavalletti is of particular importance for its scientific rigor, lead to the identification of the place that inspired the famous “little song” composed by St. Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori in the cave of Blessed Felice da Corsano. It was 1744, in the midst of preparations for Christmas, and St. Alfonso did not fail to notice the connection between the veneration of the sacred image of Mary Most Holy of Consolation, which was so reminiscent of the birth of Jesus, and the cave of Blessed Felice, a mystical testimony to the hermitic life of the Augustinian founder of the Convent and a destination for pilgrimages.
This cave, linked to the humble origins of the Redemptorist Congregation, became for its holy founder a living representation of the stable of Bethlehem. The sacred cave of Deliceto, already consecrated by the prayers of Blessed Felice da Corsano, founder of the Augustinian Congregation of the Deliceto Reform, became the mystical cave of Bethlehem for St. Alphonsus and a place of penance for his famous disciple St. Gerard Majella.
As early as 1748, just one year after St. Alphonsus' transfer, liturgical services were no longer held in the cave church due to damage caused by the partial demolition of the structures above the convent. In April 1750, the piety of Father Tannoia, a novice in Pagani but staying at the house in Deliceto for health reasons at the time, and the great devotion that the future St. Gerard Majella had for Blessed Felice and his cave, prompted the two to remove the debris and restore the chapel to the devotion of the faithful. Fast forward to the present day, where for more than forty years, the people of Deliceto have been organizing a creative and passionate live nativity scene at Christmas, which culminates in the Nativity scene located in the Grotto of Blessed Felice.
The municipality of Deliceto, located at 575 meters above sea level in the Dauni Mountains, forms a geographical and cultural link between the Irpinia area to the south and Capitanata to the north. It is arranged in a horseshoe shape along the Carapellotto river and has a population of 3,588 inhabitants. The village is characterized by a spiral layout designed for defensive purposes and contains a series of medieval architectural features such as gates, towers, and sections of walls that are now integrated into buildings and homes. Dominated by the imposing Norman-Swabian-Angevin Castle, the village has preserved its narrow, cobbled streets and stone and brick buildings with characteristic rooms featuring distinctive barrel vaults, cross vaults and widespread nail vaults, including numerous places of worship, such as the Church of the Annunciation dating back to the 9th century, the Church of St. Anne and the Dead built on the foundations of the 15th-century Church of Purgatory, and the 16th-century Convent of St. Anthony. Excavations have confirmed the presence of the Daunians between the 9th and 5th centuries BC and then the Romans.
The village, which contains an important underground heritage, is surrounded by extensive wooded green areas. Deliceto has ancient origins, most likely dating back to protohistory. Its embryo was the district of “Pesco,” made up of caves dug into the front of the Elceto spur by Oscan-Italic populations. These underground dwellings corresponded to the human need to shape the reality built within the natural landscape. With the Romans, it became a basic settlement, a camp built where the “Piazza Alta” district is located. This fortified settlement, built in an area where elm trees grew, was called “Elceto,” from which the name ‘lliceto’ and finally “Deliceto” derived.
Deliceto was elevated to the status of a sub-Apennine lookout for the Duchy of Benevento under the Lombards, who built the first nucleus of the Torrione in the second half of the 9th century. In the 12th century, under Norman rule, it became a sub-fief, first of the county of Loretello and then of others. It retained the same status under the Swabians and Angevins, who were responsible for the expansion of the castle.
It became a marquisate in 1463 under Ferdinand I of Aragon, who granted it to his son-in- law Antonio Piccolomini, nephew of Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini. The marquis settled in Deliceto with a colony of Albanians.
Under the Piccolomini family, in the 15th century, the convent of Santa Maria della Consolazione was built in Valle in Vincoli at the request of the Augustinian monk Blessed Felice da Corsano. Under the Piccolomini family, in the 15th century, the convent of “Santa Maria della Consolazione” was built in the locality of “Valle in Vincoli” at the request of the Augustinian monk Blessed Felice da Corsano. The fiefdom of Deliceto, while remaining state property, passed from the Piccolomini family to the Bartirotti family and from them to the Miroballo family, who were related to each other. In 1744, at the convent of Santa Maria della Consolazione, St. Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori founded the third house of the Redemptorist order, which over the years hosted many saints and blessed figures, including St. Gerard Majella.
Saint Alphonsus was canonized in 1839 and declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX in March 1871. He is best remembered for his protection of moralists, as reflected in the title conferred on him by Pope Pius XII in 1950. The relevance of the saint of Naples lies in the fact that while essentially opposing moral relativism and recognizing the Catholic Church as the supreme teacher, he gave space to the “inner voices of conscience” and maintained a position of balance and practical prudence between the two extremes of rigorism and laxity. This position emerges in almost all his numerous works on meditation and asceticism, but above all it is always present in Theologia Moralis, which is still studied today.
Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori was born on September 27, 1696, in Marinella, near Naples, in the vacation palace of his noble family. His father Giuseppe was a naval officer, and his mother, Anna Cavalieri, belonged to the family of the Marquises of Avenia. He was the first of their eight children and grew up with a strong religious education but was always tempered by feelings of compassion for the unhappiness of others.
Until the age of twenty-seven, he devoted himself to private studies in music, science, languages, and law, followed by an initially brilliant career in law that ended abruptly due to his disappointment with a troubling court case. After his ordination as a priest in 1726, he was sent to Scala, above Amalfi, in 1730. There his spirituality developed rapidly with the founding of the Congregation of the Most Holy Savior two years later. The intention of the Congregation was to imitate Christ, beginning with the Redemptorists themselves, who gradually worked for the redemption of many souls through missions, spiritual exercises, and various forms of extraordinary apostolate. In 1744, he established the third house of the nascent congregation at the Shrine of Consolation, near Deliceto.
While maintaining his position as Rector Major of the Congregation, Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori was then, from 1762 to 1775, bishop of S. Agata dei Goti, a town now in the Province of Benevento, the then-episcopal seat of an impoverished mountainous area to which the saint responded with generosity. Suffering from deforming arthropathy and nearly blind, Alphonsus Maria resigned after 12 years from his role as diocesan director and retired to his brothers' house in Nocera de' Pagani in the Province of Salerno where he devoted himself to prayer and meditation. He died there on August 1, 1787, but not before suffering the harsh tribulation of a split among his brothers, which was only resolved six years after his death. The universal Church solemnly commemorates him every year on his birthday.

Sergio Franchi (b. April 6, 1926 – d. May 1, 1990) was an Italian American tenor and actor who enjoyed success in the United States and internationally after gaining notice in Britain in the early 1960s. In 1962, RCA Victor signed him to a seven-year contract, and in October of that year Franchi appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show and performed at Carnegie Hall. Franchi became a headliner in Las Vegas and starred in concerts and cabarets on several continents. His earliest ambitions and studies had been directed toward an operatic career, but he instead found his niche in popular and romantic music. Franchi performed musical comedies on stage, appeared on numerous television variety shows, and starred in a major motion picture. He became an American citizen in 1972.
After gaining success, Franchi was a benefactor and philanthropist, donating his time and talent to many causes. He was posthumously awarded the title of Knight of the Order of Merit (Stella al Merito del Lavoro) of the Italian Republic. Sergio Franchi recorded the song “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle” in an Italian and English version in 1965.
Luciano Pavarotti (b. October 12, 1935 – d. September 6, 2007) was an Italian operatic tenor, who during the late part of his career crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most acclaimed tenors of all time. He made numerous recordings of complete operas and individual arias, gaining worldwide fame for his tone and his nickname "King of the High Cs." As one of the Three Tenors, who performed their first concert during the 1990 FIFA World Cup before a global audience, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of "Nessun dorma" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-Aida Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as La bohème, Tosca, Turandot and Madama Butterfly.
He sold more than 100 million records, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees, among others. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1988 and died from pancreatic cancer. Luciano Pavarotti recorded the song “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle” in Italian in 1997.
Andrea Bocelli (b. September 22, 1958) is an Italian tenor. He rose to fame in 1994 after winning the newcomers' section of the 44th Sanremo Music Festival, performing "Il mare calmo della sera." Since 1994, Bocelli has recorded 15 solo studio albums of both pop and classical music, three greatest hits albums, and nine complete operas, selling over 90 million records worldwide. He has had success as a crossover performer, bringing classical music to the top of international pop charts. His album Romanza is one of the best-selling albums of all time, while Sacred Arias is the biggest selling classical album by any solo artist in history. My Christmas was the best-selling holiday album of 2009 and one of the best-selling holiday albums in the United States. The 2019 album Sì debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and US Billboard 200, becoming Bocelli's first number one album in both countries. His song "Con te partirò", a duet with Sarah Brightman taken from his second album Bocelli, is one of the best- selling singles of all time.
In 1998, Bocelli was named one of People magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People. He duetted with Celine Dion on the song "The Prayer" for the animated film Quest for Camelot, which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 1999, he was nominated for Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards. He captured a listing in the Guinness Book of World Records with the release of his classical album Sacred Arias while simultaneously holding the top three positions on the US Classical Albums charts. Bocelli has been blind since a football accident at age 12. He was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 2006, was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 2, 2010, for his contribution to Live Theater, and was awarded a gold medal of Merit in Serbia in 2022. Andrea Bocelli recorded the song “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle” in Italian in 2009.
Luciano Lamonarca (b. August 11, 1978) is an Italian American tenor, crossover artist, keynote speaker, philanthropist, and event producer. He has performed under the patronage and auspices of the United Nations, UNESCO, European Union, Presidency of the Italian Republic, and Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Venues in which he has performed include the United Nations General Assembly, Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, Madison Square Garden, Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna, and Teatro Politeama in Palermo. With his more than three hundred benefit event performances as of 2022, involvement in numerous charitable causes, and commitment to making art with a purpose, Luciano Lamonarca has rightfully earned the nickname "The Goodwill Tenor."
Luciano was the recipient of the “Best Male Singer” Award at the Catholic Music Award, held at the Vatican in July 2025, for his performance of “The Song of Saint Pio.” Lamonarca recorded the song “Tu Scendi dalle Stelle” in Italian, English, and Spanish versions in 2025 on the occasion of the 270th anniversary of the song’s first publication.
The song "Tu Scendi dalle Stelle" (“From Starry Skies Descending”) is one of the most beloved Italy’s Christmas songs.The music video portrays the birth of Jesus as if in a dream. It is a dream about two people: tenor Luciano Lamonarca, who recalls the moments of his childhood, leading to his recording of the song in NYC, and Saint Alphonsus de Liguori, whose visit at the Grotto of Saint Felice of Corsano inspired him to compose it. Our hope is that through this song, now available in English and Spanish, many more families around the world will gather to celebrate the birth of Jesus with a renewed hope for a better world.
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